How do some lizards able to dissolve in there environment?

Reptiles have several natural protective mechanisms, including venom, spines and camouflage. Camouflage is the biological ability to change  into a background using body, particularly skin. Certain reptiles have a constant skin tone that matches their natural habitat others are able to change their skin tone to match different habitats. The ability to change according to the environment helps these animals to help them protect from there predators. Some among the species like chameleon change themselves in a perfection that many times they remain unseen evenif the predators go very close to them. Chameleons are able to change colors because of specialized cells in their skins called chromatophores. There are actually specific types of skin cells for each color that the chameleon can produce. The chameleon causes these cells to activate by sending messages from their brains to their skin cells. This ability also helps these animals to go very close without notice towards there prey.

How do bats hunt at night when they can't see in dark?

The traditional thinking tells that bats come at night because they can see clearly in the dark but , this is however a wrong notion. Experiment done on bats tells that bats can fly comfortably even if its eyes are covered by some opaque material. This was possible because they use sound rather than sight to navigate.  This method of navigation is know as echolocation and it is similar in principle to the sonar that submarines use to navigate the ocean. Some bats eat fruit, many bats eat insects and vampire bats in the tropics feed on the blood of animals. To search for insects a typical bat will sweep an area with sound, sending out 10 beats per second.  When the echoes come back from the prey, such as a fly, the sound pulses increase to more than 25 per second.  This gives the bat a better idea of where the fly is moving.  As the bat near to its prey, it sends out more and more sound pulses as many as 200 per second. Some bats are so good at echolocation that they can detect and avoid wires as thin as human hairs. 

Which animal can predict there end?

The elephant is the only species which is having the most powerful memory as compared to other animals. Their normal lifespan is 60-80 years. The elephant listen by using their legs, which feels the vibration beneath the ground and the way for the source of running water. The elephant is the only species which can predict that there end is near and then he leaves the group and goes towards the place where they are born. Elephants, humans, and Neanderthals are the only animals known to have death rituals. If an elephant becomes sick, herd members will bring it food and help support it as it stands. If it dies, they will try to revive it with food and water for a while. Once it is clear that an elephant is dead, the herd will become very quiet. They often dig a shallow grave and cover the deceased elephant with dirt and branches, and will stay at the grave for days afterwards. If the elephant had a particularly close relationship with its deceased peer, it can show signs of depression. There are also reported cases of elephants burying dead humans they have found in this way.

Why do spitting cobras spit venom?

The spitting mechanism is actually an adaptation, which protects spitting cobras, from predators larger than themselves. When threatened, these cobras eject a spray of venom into the eyes of their predator, with incredible accuracy! The spray, although not fatal, causes temporary blindness, which if not treated, results in permanent blindness. Spitting cobras are not particularly muscular, and do not have the strength to squeeze and kill large prey. Their fangs are small and if they bite, they need to hold on to their prey for a long time, before it dies. If they bite a large predator, they will have to bite it and wait till it dies. In this struggle of holding on to larger prey, if the prey gets loose, it can kill the spitting cobra, even after injecting the venom. This is because the venom takes time to kill the predator. Thus, it is important for the spitting cobra to disable its predator, as quickly as possible. Ashe's spitting cobra also commonly known as the large brown spitting cobra, is the largest species of spitting cobra found in world today. Its venom is considered to be the most poisonous of all spitting cobras, and has the capacity to inject twice the amount of venom, any snake can inject in one bite. One bite has enough venom to kill 25 to 30 people.

From how long the crocodile species on Earth?

Crocodilians are from Archosaur family which ruled the earth in Cretaceous period - also known as the Age of Reptiles. Near about 220 million years ago they divided into two evolutionary lines - one into crocodiles and another into dinosaurs and birds. Along with the dinosaurs and some of those first birds, many crocodilian species have gone extinct.  Deinosuchus is an ancient and also the largest crocodilian, growing up to 15 metres . This cold blooded animal has adapted perfectly on land and water making it a successful species of the time. Today, crocodiles and birds are the only remaining Archosaurs. The crocodile doesn’t possess jaw to cut the fresh of the prey they bite the preys body and rotate around itself to tear the fresh.

How much percent of iceberg is visible to us?

An iceberg is a large piece of freshwater ice that has broken off from a glacier or ice shelf and is floating in open water. The word iceberg comes from the Dutch term ijsberg which means “ice mountain”. Near about 90 percent of the total iceberg is inside the water and only the top of the ice mountain is visible. Glaciers form on land as the result of snow accumulation over thousands of years. Icebergs are created when the edge of a glacier advances into the ocean and breaks off in pieces. Icebergs are really white. This color is created by white light reflecting off tiny air bubbles trapped in the ice. There are also some antiseptic-blue overtones to it and a whole spectrum of green where the iceberg descends into the ocean. When iceberg ice melts quickly, the bubbles released from it make a sound like soda water fizzing. The melting rate of the iceberg is increasing due to global warming. If the entire ice melt in the polar regions the sea level will increase upto 7 meters.

Are sea snakes poisonous in nature?

The sea snakes have evolved from terrestrial ancestors, most are extensively adapted to a fully aquatic life and are unable to move on land. Most of the sea snakes are poisonous in nature so good suggestion is to handle ever sea snakes with much caution. They can remain submerged for as long as a few hours, possibly depending on temperature and degree of activity. Bites of sea snakes are usually painless and may not even be noticed when contact is made. Teeth may remain in the wound. There is usually little or no swelling, and it is rare for any nearby lymph nodes to be affected. The most important symptoms are rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue and paralysis. Paralysis of muscles involved in swallowing and respiration can be fatal. After 3–8 h, myoglobin as a result of muscle breakdown, may start to show up in the blood plasma, which can cause the urine to turn a dark reddish, brown, or black color, and eventually lead to acute renal failure. After 6-12 h, severe muscle breakdown, can lead to cardiac arrest or even to death in some cases.

How does non-poisonous snakes kill there prey?

Pythons and boas are the most well known of the snake species that use constriction as a method to kill their prey.  This is a very powerful method used by the non-poisonous snakes like anaconda. Constrictors typically prey on large animals that can cause serious injury to the snake if they are not first incapacitated. The method used by these snakes is to tighten their body around the prey, resulting in suffocation – they do not crush their prey. The snake typically bites the prey to hold on as he quickly wraps his body and tightly coils around the prey. Each time the victim exhales a breath the snake tightens, preventing the animal from inhaling more air. Means the victim has a feeling that as and when he breaths out the coil of the snake becomes even more tight preventing the prey to breathe again. Without an air supply, the prey rapidly becomes unconscious and usually dies. The snake then inject the prey.

Which water species is very close to Human beings?

Compared to other water animals, dolphins are believed to be very intelligent and very close to human beings. Dolphins are carnivores. The Killer Whale  is actually a type of dolphin. Bottlenose dolphins are the most common and well known type of dolphin. Female dolphins are called cows, males are called bulls and young dolphins are called calves.  Dolphins often display a playful attitude which makes them popular in human culture. They can be seen jumping out of the water, riding waves, play fighting, occasionally interacting with humans swimming in the water and also love to swim in front of the moving boats or ships. Dolphin is a mammal so it has to come on the surface of water to breath it use a blowhole on top of their heads to breathe. Dolphins have excellent eyesight and hearing as well as the ability to use echolocation for finding the exact location of objects. Dolphins communicate with each other by clicking, whistling and other sounds. Some dolphin species face the threat of extinction, often directly as a result of human behavior. Some fishing methods, such as the use of nets, kill a large number of dolphins every year.

How do eagle catch a fish?

The eagle's eyesight is especially remarkable. With vision about five times sharper than our own, an eagle can spot a target as small as a rabbit up to a mile away.   The claws on an eagle's toes are curved and razor-sharp for catching and holding their prey.  Rough bumps on the eagle's toes also help them hold slippery, wiggling fish. A eagle’s feet are important for capturing food and also as a method of protection.  To catch fish, eagles generally watch the water surface from a perch or while soaring in the air. Then they swoop down close to the water and drop their feet right in the water to catch the fish.   Unlike other birds, which eat seeds or insects and travel only short distances in search of a meal, the eagle must often fly great distances in order to find worthy fare.  Riding upon vertically spiraling columns of warm air called thermals, the eagle can travel up to twenty miles per hour virtually without effort. The eagle is further aided in flight because its bones are hollow. Unbelievably, the total weight of an eagle skeletal system is only half the weight of its feathers! With a wingspan of seven to eight feet and a wide and rudder-like tail, the eagle was built to master the skies.

Which is the most powerful predator on both land and trees?

The Puma is a large Cat   found in the mountains from Southern Canada to the tip of South America also commonly known as  the Mountain Lion. The Puma has no markings on its fur leading to its scientific name Felis concolor which means 'cat of one color'. They have pointed ears and their acute hearing allows them to detect prey even when it is too dark for them to see. Puma can easily adapt to their natural habitat, they can hunt both on land and on trees comfortably.  This big cat unlike other member of their family is not able to roar.  Puma cubs are born blind and are completely helpless for their first two weeks of life until their blue eyes fully open. The Puma is a large and powerful carnivore, hunting and eating only other animals in order to survive. The Puma is one of the most dominant predators throughout much of their natural environment and are therefore rarely preyed upon by other species.   The biggest threat to the Puma however is people who have hunted this large Cat. In some areas they are also hunted by ranch owners who blame Pumas for their loss of  livestock.

 
 

How does desert snake move in hot sand?

The desert snake Pit Viper, the sidewinder has a distinctive hornlike projection over each eye. It is chiefly nocturnal and takes refuge in the burrow of another animal or under a bush during the day. At night it emerges to hunt its prey. A desert inhabitant, this snake moves with a sideways motion, known as sidewinding, thought to be the most efficient mode of movement for a snake on sand. It throws its body into lateral waves, only two short sections of it touching the ground. All the snake's weight, therefore, is pushing against the ground at these points, and this provides the leverage to move it sideways. As it travels, the snake leaves a trail of parallel J-shaped markings. An movement  of this snake in open, sparsely vegetated country, has an advantage of reducing contact between the snake's body and the hot sand. 

Which part of the world is snakes heaven?

 The island Ilha de Queimada  in Brazil is inhabited completed by venomous snakes. There is exactly no predator for these snakes on the island which resulted in the tremendous increase in there population so it is assumed that on an average there are five snakes in one square meter area. The poisonous  snakes like The King cobra and vipers are found on this island. However, the deadliest snakes to be found there are the Golden Lancehead viper. According to statistics, about 90% of deaths resulting from snake bites in Brazil are caused due to bite from this snake. A single bite of this snake contains enough venom to kill two humans at a single time. Several tales have been associated with this snakes island. Mostly, the dense population of snakes has kept humans away from the island but according to those tales, a fisherman once wandered off the to the island, only to be bitten by one of the thousands venomous snakes of the area. He barely made it to his boat before giving up his life. The snakes venom causes the skin around the bite to melt away, making survival chances of the victim extremely slim. Human habitation is nil on the island. Only scientific persons after having granted permission to do so can visit the island. The snakes live mostly on migrating birds that stop on the island for rest. A plan to establish a banana plant on the island had been proposed at one point. However, for obvious reasons, it was never established.

Which is the successful cross of Lion and Tiger?

 The Liger is the largest of the world's biggest cats, known to grow up to 12ft tall when standing on their hind legs. Created by the mating of a male Lion with a female Tiger.  The Liger generally has a more Lion-like appearance. The Liger  also inherited the spots found on the backs of Tigers ears along with the tufted fur around their chins. In the wild, it is common for Tigers to enter water either to catch prey or to cool down in the heat and so they are naturally good swimmers, which is something that the Liger seems to have inherited. Another odd thing is the fact that the Liger appears to make both Lion and Tiger noises but it's roar is more like that of a Lion's. The reason as to why Ligers would be rarely produced in the wild is that if a male Lion and a female Tiger came across one another, they are much more likely to fight to defend their territory or avoid one another completely in order to avoid risk getting hurt.

Why snake's tongue is in two parts?

Snakes use their senses to hunt, escape danger, and to find a mate. Since most snakes have poor eyesight their other senses need to make up for it. Snakes don't have noses like we do.  They have nostrils to breathe with but snakes smell with their tongues.  When a snake sticks out its tongue it smells its surroundings.  The moist tongue collects scents and small organisms from whatever it touches and from the air around it. The first half of the snake tongue gives information about the animal odour and the next half gives information about the distance that animal is from snake.  When the tongue goes back into the mouth the forks touches a special sensory organ called the Jacobson's organ on the roof of the mouth and tells the snake what it smells.  Snakes have a small notch in their lips that they can stick their tongues through so they don’t need to open their mouths. Snakes can absorb vibrations through the ground and determine the size of the prey or danger by its movements.

Can snakes fly in air?

 Flying snake is a misnomer these animals can’t actually gain altitude. They’re gliders. Once thought to be more parachuters than gliders.  To prepare for take-off, a flying snake will slither to the end of a branch, and dangle in a J shape. It propels itself from the branch with the lower half of its body, forms quickly into an S, and flattens to about twice its normal width, giving its normally round body a concave C shape, which can trap air . Flying snakes are technically better gliders than their more popular mammalian equivalents, the flying squirrels. There are five recognized species of flying snake, found in western India  . Knowledge of their behavior in the wild is limited, but they are thought to be highly arboreal.  They are mildly venomous snakes, but their tiny, fixed rear fangs make them harmless to humans. It is been assumed that the flying snake has adapted themselves in order to escap from there predator. They glid from one tree to another without touching the surface of the earth, this ability also helps them to catch there prey.

Which animal can walk on water?

The Jesus Christ Lizard is an extraordinary reptile which can run on water when threatened. This species is the most commonly encountered, especially along streams and lakes of Costa Rica. When threaten the Jesus Lizard escapes by speeding to the nearest edge of water and continues sprinting. The lizard runs on only its hind legs in an erect position, holding its arms to its sides. The lizard is well balanced on water because its feet are large and equipped with flaps of skin along the toes, when moving quickly, the lizard can cross a surface of water before sinking. On water it runs an average speed of 8.4 km/h, which is just a little slower than its speed on land. Younger lizards can run 10 to 20 meters on water, while adults cross only a few meters before sinking. Adults do not move slowly, but they weigh more and cannot sprint for as long as the young one can. Once a lizard submerges, it continues swimming until it is sufficiently far from its predators. Although this lizard stays close to water to escape terrestrial predators, it swims only when necessary because there are aquatic animals which can also feed on the lizard if they ever got a chance.

Which animal can stop its heart beat for more than six months?

A much more complex strategy for winter survival is freeze tolerance, the ability to endure the actual formation of ice within the body. Ice forming in body tissues can do a lot of harm. Ice crystals can puncture small blood vessels, squeeze and deform cells to the point of breaking. And even if ice doesn't break into cells, it leads to their severe dehydration, for water is sucked out of cells into the growing ice crystals leaving behind a shrunken and damaged cell.  The Wood frog is one among the example, their soft, water-permeable skin is no barrier to ice and so, whenever frost penetrates into their winter home, they freeze. Ice penetrates though all of the fluid compartments of the animal and within just a few hours a mass of ice fills the abdominal cavity encasing all the internal organs. Large flat ice crystals run between the layers of skin and muscle, and the eyes turn white because the lens freezes. Their blood stops flowing and as much as 65% of the frog's total body water is converted to ice. Breathing, heart beat, and muscle movements all stop and the frozen frog exists in a virtual state till the winter period ends. The frog’s body once again comes into the normal state whenever the ice gets melt.

Why do migrating birds fly in V-Shape?

 

   It has been observed that as each bird flaps its wings, it creates uplift for the bird immediately behind . By flying in a "V" formation, the whole flock adds at least 71% greater uplift force rather  than   each bird flew on its own. Whenever a goose falls out of formation, it suddenly feels the  resistance  to go through   alone and quickly gets back into formation to take advantage of the power of the flock. The "V" -shaped formation that the migrating birds use when migrating serves two important purposes:
First, it conserves their energy. Each bird flies slightly above the bird in front of him, resulting in a reduction of wind resistance. The birds take turns being in the front, falling back when they get tired. In this way, the birds can fly for a long time before they must stop for rest.
The second benefit to the "V" formation is that it is easy to keep track of every bird in the group. Fighter pilots often use this formation for the same reason. Finally, when one among the bird gets sick or is wounded by a gunshot and falls out, two birds fall out of the formation and follow the injured one down to help and protect him. They stay with him until he is either able to fly or until he is dead, and then they launch out with another formation to catch up with their group.

What make KomodoDragon's bite deadful even though it does not have any poisonous venom?

The Komodo Dragon is a large species of lizard that is only found on a islands in the Indonesian.   The Komodo Dragon is an enormous reptile that can grow up to three meters long and weigh 150kg . By flicking it's tongue out of its mouth, the Komodo Dragon is able to taste scent particles in the air to locate both live and dead prey up to 8km away.  They are also known to be excellent swimmers, travelling from one island to another over a relatively long distance.   The Komodo Dragon then chase it's victim with incredible speed and force. Although the majority of initial attacks are successful, if the animals somehow manages to escape then the bacteria transferred from the Komodo Dragon's mouth in the bite causes the flesh to become septic and kills the prey within 24 hours.  The immense size of the Komodo Dragon is thought to come from the fact that they would have once hunted large mammals that would have then existed in Indonesia, including a species of Pygmy Elephant which is thought to have now been extinct for thousands of years.  Despite having slow and docile nature, Komodo Dragons can run at speeds of up to 11mph for short distance and are actually one of the world's known man-eaters.  

The smallest monkey ever seen.

  The pygmy marmoset is known to be the smallest known species of  monkey in the world. The pygmy marmoset averages height is  about 15cm tall, with a 20cm long tail behind it. The pygmy marmoset has sharp claws which make the pygmy marmoset excellent at climbing trees and its long tail gives this little monkey fantastic balance when jumping between tree branches. The low weight of the monkey allows the pygmy marmoset to reach the extreme tree tops, a place where many of the larger species of  monkey cannot reach. The pygmy marmoset has been increasingly popular as an exotic pet, but they are very hard to keep. When a baby pygmy marmoset is taken away from the family it can often die quickly due to depression.